A New Christendom III

In this episode, Fr. John describes the revolutionary changes that came to characterize western monasticism after the Great Schism, leading to the rise of the Franciscans, Dominicans, and Templars.


http://www.ancientfaith.com/podcasts/paradiseutopia/a_new_christendom_iii


Who were the Franciscans? How did they change traditional Eastern and Western Monastic life?


Who were the Dominicans? How did their view of punishment influence the Western Church?

Who were the Templars? What role did militaristic monastics play in the Western Church and the Crusades?

Why was it important for early Christian Monasticism to be stable, living in the same place permanently? Why was it important for a monk to be separate from the "world"?


What was theosis or deification before the western schism? How could you attain this?

Franciscans (mendicant monastics) went out into cities from their monastic seclusions and begged for food, living around urban populations and engaging people directly.

Dominicans (order of preachers) engaged society to manifest divine love. They went out to preach correct Christianity per the Roman Catholic Church. Dominicans were involved with the university teaching system. Thomas Aquinas was a famous Dominican. Dominicans also combatted heresies and thus in this combative spirit, they punished folks for disobedience to their teachings (Inquisition).

Did the early Church of Christ engage in punishment? Or was this left to the state?

Templars engaged society but also fought in wars. They fought in the crusades. Did the early church of Christ engage in killing people or was this left to the state for capital crimes?

Did soldiers who fell in battle become martyrs for the Church of Christ?

Why did the patriarch of Constantinople regard killing anyone (crusades) as an offense against the Church of Christ even in the context of warfare? Why did killing, even in the crusades, require penance? 

Would St. Anthony of Egypt have agree with the philosophy of soldier monks and monks who enact punishments on heretics?